Gum disease or
periodontal disease, a chronic inflammation and infection of
the gums and surrounding tissue, is the major cause of about
70 percent of adult tooth loss, affecting three out of four
persons at some point in their life
What causes gum disease?
Bacterial plaque - a sticky, colorless film that constantly
forms on the teeth - is recognized as the primary cause of
gum disease. Specific periodontal diseases may be associated
with specific bacterial types. If plaque isn't removed each
day by brushing, flossing and using a Waterpik it hardens into a rough,
porous substance called calculus (also known as tartar).
Toxins (poisons) produced and released by bacteria in plaque
irritate the gums. These toxins cause the breakdown of the
fibers that hold the gums tightly to the teeth, creating
periodontal pockets which fill with even more toxins and
bacteria. As the disease progresses, pockets extend deeper
and the bacteria moves down until the bone that holds the
tooth in place is destroyed. The tooth eventually will fall
out or require extraction.
What does periodontal
treatment involve?
In the early stages, most treatment involves scaling and
root planning-removing plaque and calculus around the tooth
and smoothing the root surfaces. Antibiotics or
antimicrobials may be used to supplement the effects of
scaling and root planning. In most cases of early gum
disease, called gingivitis, scaling and root planning and
proper daily cleaning achieve a satisfactory result. More
advanced cases may require surgical treatment, which
involves cutting the gums, and removing the hardened plaque
build-up and recontouring the damaged bone. The procedure is
also designed to smooth root surfaces and reposition the gum
tissue so it will be easier to keep clean.
